The first one is how to search for an exact phrase. While a dictionary can provide the exact word you want, there are often times where the word might not be used the way you think it should be, or there might be specific contexts in which it can be used or it might just be an outdated term altogether. To find out if a word or phrase you want to use can be used the way you want it to be, you can perform a Google search and put the term or phrase in quotation marks. So, for example, if you wanted to search for only the phrase raining cats and dogs, you could put it in quotation marks, “raining cats and dogs,” and then every single result will be websites that have the words in that exact order. You can also use the “verbatim” search function to search for only the word that you enter.

Next, if you want to find alternatives to words in phrases, you can use Google to search for alternatives. For example, if you wanted to search for different types of machine translation in one search, you could search like this: neural OR statistical OR rule-based machine translation. When you do that, Google will generate search results for machine translation that includes the words neural, statistical, and rule-based. This is handy if what you are searching for has numerous variations to it, but you only need a few alternatives as opposed to all of them.

On the flip side, there is a way to exclude search results from appearing. So in the case that you want all the different variations of a phrase but not something else, then you can use the minus sign to exclude the results that you don’t want. So if you want all the different kinds of machine translation, but don’t want statistical machine translation, then you can search –statistical machine translation and it will exclude all mentions of statistical machine translation. This is great if you know that you don’t want a search result to appear and are looking for other things instead.

One of the simpler tricks that does not require any special input is just comparing the amount of results that one version of a phrase generates versus another. So if you were wondering which spelling of versus is more commonly used, you could search for “vs” first and see how many hits are generated and then search “versus” and then see how many hits are generated. After comparing which one generates more, you can more confidently say that the one with more hits is the more commonly used word and therefore, safer to use in your translation.

The last trick is searching within a specific website for a specific phrase. If you wanted to look for the phrase “machine translation” on SDL’s website for example, you could search it as follows, site:sdl.com “machine translation” and then Google will generate all the instances of machine translation being mentioned on SDL’s website.

Things can differ slightly depending on what language you are working with, but it’s always important to remember your audience and the area that you are translating. This post will cover some basic things that you will want to keep in mind while translating from English to Japanese.

1. Honorifics. Depending on what you are translating, you will have to think about how you will write names. Japanese is a language that places much importance on politeness and hierarchy, so when translating from English to Japanese, it is important to make sure that you are able to incorporate honorifics into your translation if necessary. For example, while in English, there is only really one way to say “Your Company,” there are several ways to say it in Japanese, but if you are talking to a valued customer, you wouldn’t just say “Your Company.” You would say something that would be equivalent to saying “Your esteemed company” in English. It is important to do this to not only show respect, but also allow others to know the status of the relationship, that is, the hierarchy of the relationship.
2. Kanji versus Hiragana/Katakana. For those of you that do not know, the Japanese writing system has three ways to write out their words. Kanji are Chinese characters while Hiragana and Katakana are more similar to the English alphabet in that each individual character can be used to spell out words. The difference between Hiragana and Katakana though is how they are typically used. Katakana is often seen in contexts where foreign words are being spelled out while Hiragana is typically more for Japanese words. Together all three of these make up the Japanese writing system.

However, when translating, it isn’t always clear when you should use either. You can use hiragana or katakana instead of Kanji and vice versa. Then there are situations where there might be a word in English that most Japanese speakers know, thus it doesn’t need to be translated into Japanese, and can just be phonetically written out in Japanese. For these distinctions, it is probably best to check with the client if you are not sure about which they might prefer, but typically you can just check online to see which version of the word is used more in the context of the original document.

3. Subject. In Japanese, it is normal for names or subjects to be dropped from sentences, so it can become a little difficult sometimes to determine with absolute certainty who or what is being talked about in certain sentences. For example, consider the following: “Sarah is out walking her dog. She will be back later.” If you were translating this into Japanese, you might use Sarah, but other than that, you would exclude “her” and “she.” You might even leave out “Sarah” depending on what the previous sentence was. Knowing when to drop the subject is an important skill to have and is easier for those who are native Japanese speakers than it is for English natives who learned Japanese.

There are many more important things to be careful of when translating English to Japanese, but this is just a short, and brief introduction into translating English to Japanese. I hope if you are starting out as an English to Japanese translator that you will find this short post helpful.