Atrial Fibrillation is more than just an “irregular heartbeat.” It is a complex electrical malfunction of the heart that requires a specific vocabulary to treat safely.

When a doctor discusses AFib, they use precise descriptors that dictate the entire treatment plan:

• Paroxysmal vs. Permanent: Does the heart fix itself, or is the condition constant?
• Anticoagulation: Is the patient on a “blood thinner,” and if so, is it a Vitamin K Antagonist or a DOAC?
• Ablation: Is the surgeon “removing” something, or are they “cauterizing” tissue to redirect electrical signals?

If an interpreter uses a generic term for these specific medical processes, the patient might consent to a procedure they don’t fully understand, or a doctor might miss a critical symptom.

A trained medical interpreter does more than just swap words; they act as a bridge for specialized knowledge. Here is how they handle complex conditions like AFib:

1. In many languages, medical terms sound similar but have different meanings. For example, in some languages, a word that sounds like “constipated” actually means “having a cold.”
2. A patient might say, “My heart feels like a bag of worms.” The interpreter must accurately relay that vivid, subjective description to the doctor so the physician can translate it into the objective clinical finding of palpitations.
3. During a procedure like a Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE), the terminology is dense.

The interpreter must explain the difference between a probe going down the esophagus versus a standard ultrasound on the chest. Miscommunicating this can lead to patient trauma or a refusal of a necessary diagnostic test.

The same applies for the practice of ophthalmology where precise terminology in eye care is a prerequisite for safety.

• Location Matters: In conditions like Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), knowing exactly where abnormal vessels are growing—either under or through protective layers of the eye—determines how hard they are to treat.
• Scanning Terms: The term “Occult” simply means boundaries are “not easily visible” on a scan. Mistranslating it as “mysterious” can cause a patient unnecessary alarm.
• Medication Nuance: Anti-VEGF injections stop harmful vessel growth. If an interpreter forgets the “Anti” part, a patient might wrongly think they are getting a “growth factor” to help their eye grow.
• Visual Symptoms: Interpreters must distinguish between seeing “wavy lines” (Metamorphopsia) and seeing a “blind spot” (Scotoma). This helps doctors know if there is active fluid leakage or permanent scarring¹⁵.

The Professional Difference

A trained medical interpreter acts as a bridge for specialized knowledge. They must understand anatomy and pharmacology to ensure patients receive the exact information needed to protect their health. In medicine, every syllable counts.

Medical interpretation is a specialized skill set. It’s important for interpreters to not just speak two languages, but understand the anatomy, the pharmacology, and the legal requirements of the medical field.

When lives are on the line, the terminology must be exact. Because in medicine, the right word isn’t just a preference—it’s a prerequisite for safety.

Medical terminology comes on top. Medical interpretation requires a strong understanding of medical terminology in both the source and target languages. It is important to know the meaning of medical terms and jargon in order to accurately convey information. If an interpreter doesn’t understand a word, he or she should ask for a simpler explanation, so that the conversation between the doctor and the patient is flawless.

In addition, it’s best to always use clear and concise language when interpreting medical information. Using straightforward, easy to understand language will help ensure that the patient understands the information being provided. Do your best to avoid medical jargon or technical terms that the patient may not be familiar with. But if you do end up having to use it, be sure you understand what it means so you can explain it if necessary.

That being said, be sure to be in the know-how of how the medical field works. Whether it’s of internal medicine, neurology, radiology, pediatrics, cardiology, outpatient surgery, gastroenterology, urology, intensive care, orthopedics, physical therapy, community health, emergency, gynecology and more, an interpreter should be prepared and understand each specialty. This can help you as an interpreter to better understand the medical information being provided and to accurately convey it to the patient.

There are a lot of cultures out there that deal with medical visits differently. You may have  mastered the source and target languages in the medical field, but you also need to be culturally sensitive and can bridge the gap between the two cultures you are interpreting in. Something important beyond what is being said, the interpreter should serve as an advocate to bring that underlining meaning out to all parties involved. This can help the doctor and the patient understand each other better. Medical interpretation is unique in this sense. To communicate fully in order to provide and receive the best treatment.

As an interpreter, you should always keep whatever occurs in the appointment confidential. Medical interpreters should always respect the confidentiality of the patient and not share any personal or medical information without the patient’s consent or unless required by law. A medical interpreter should always remain impartial and avoid giving personal opinions or advice to the patient regarding make their own decisions and conclusions.

Medical interpretation is a valuable service to the community. It’s a very rewarding experience for us at Monterey Language Services. We have a great sense of helping others by providing medical interpretation to LEP (Limited English Proficiency) patients. Our goal is to put their mind at ease that their words are being understood, and they are understanding the words being said to them as well. This is what we call the essence of medical interpretation.

The Classroom

Typically in the United States, many ASL interpreters are known to interpret into sign language for deaf or hard-of-hearing students in the classroom setting, whether it be K-12, colleges, or universities.

Classroom interpreters may also be called “educational interpreters”—these interpreters aren’t just advocates for the students they interpret for, but also role models and supporters. Educational interpreters are part of the educational teams that are responsible for students’/children’s learning goals and outcomes. While the interpreter must maintain confidentiality, of course, confidentiality is not limited to themselves and the classroom teacher. Instead, the interpreter must speak with the student’s educational team about the student’s behavior, answers, development, etc. during classroom and/or school hours.

To properly teach a deaf or hard-of-hearing student, the interpreter and other members of the educational team must decide beforehand on a) what specific type of sign language is necessary to use; b) whether the interpreter should modify vocabulary and/or register (this is especially important if the child has a developmental disability); and c) what each lesson’s outline and expected learning outcome will be.

A Workshop

We’ve recently received a request to provide ASL interpreters for an upcoming workshop designed to promote leadership and effectiveness in the workplace. Workshops can be on any topic–technology, business, medical, community CPR and fire training, etc.

Depending on the length of the workshop and number of attendees, a team of interpreters might be better than a singular interpreter, as interpreting can be tiring with constant hand movement and so require sufficient breaks. If there is a speaker addressing an audience, an interpreter will stand up on stage as well and sign to provide interpretation (usually simultaneous), and can switch out with another interpreter as needed. Providing a team of interpreters can also allow for one or two of them to work with someone who may require extra assistance.

ASL interpreters may be asked to “voice” during the workshop. Voicing is the process of using spoken English in tandem with signing. Deaf or hard-of-hearing people using an interpreter’s services can benefit greatly in their understanding of the interpretation by reading the interpreter’s lips. Those with some level of hearing can also pick up on the morphemes (simply put, small units of spoken sound) coming from the interpreter. Depending on the needs of the situation, the interpreter may be asked not to voice during their work, too.

A Hospital or Forensic Setting

Hospitals are a very common setting for any type of interpretation, and it’s no different for ASL interpretation. Oftentimes, an emergency or a high-priority appointment will pop up. In those cases, time is of the essence to find an interpreter, and it takes a quick, calm, and agile manager or coordinator to find who is available and experienced to interpret.

Recently, we were contacted for a same-day ASL interpretation request concerning medical forensics. We worked fast to send an interpreter who not only could make it in time to the appointment, but also fluent in medical terminology with a proven track record of interpreting for potentially upsetting circumstances.

In our next post we will be highlighting more ASL interpretation scenarios, so please stay tuned.

An Example

Imagine an elderly woman being brought to a hospital, accompanied by her grandson. The family has only recently moved to the USA from Oaxaca Mexico, but the elderly woman’s first language is Triqui Bajo, an indigenous Oaxacan language. While her grandson understands his grandmother’s speech and can communicate with her, his native language is Spanish.

If an Triqui Bajo interpreter were not provided, the woman would have to speak to her grandson in Triqui Bajo about the pain in her stomach, the grandson relaying her words to the best of his ability in Spanish to the interpreter or hospital staff. Like the children’s version of the “telephone game,” there’s a high chance that some, if not much, information will be lost. As the grandson was not well versed in Triqui Bajo, he may be missing critical vocabulary, such as anything from “fracture” to “pneumonia,” “hernia,” and beyond.

What this Means

This lack of a matching language pair can inhibit the service that a client receives. In severe cases in a medical setting, this can be a matter of life and death. This case study highlights the importance of translators and especially interpreters who are fluent in minority languages. It’s critical to find people with knowledge of these languages. If due to the last minute nature, an in-person interpreter is not available, remote interpretation methods should kick in.

Imagine that they were able to get an interpreter for Triqui Bajo and English; this would allow for a direct flow of communication between the elderly woman and the hospital staff. Response time for treatment would subsequently be quicker, and the woman might therefore feel more comfortable and confident that she is receiving adequate care. While the grandson might need his own English/Spanish interpreter to understand fully the treatment decisions, that could easily be delegated to another interpreter and not require a stretched out “telephone game” where meaning can be lost.

Monterey Language Services provides translation and interpretation services for all languages and is very strong in providing Triqui Bajo interpretation Services. Every day, we send Triqui Bajo interpreters to cover medical interpretation assignments or IEP (Individualized Education Program) assignments. There have been some high profile Triqui Bajo legal interpretation cases served by Monterey Language Services as well.

Being a well-rounded translator is not a bad idea, but many translators have their own specialty that they have developed and focused on for their entire career. Sometimes though, translators and interpreters might want a change of pace, and break into different fields. While this isn’t easy, it’s also not impossible to start fresh in a new specialty field. So long as you have the determination and patience necessary to change your specialization, you can do it.

Depending on the field that you are switching to, what you will need to do will change. For example, if you want to go into a technical field such as information technology, you should focus on gaining knowledge of the field to be able to adequately translate or interpret the materials given to you. The best way to do this is to go back to school, or perhaps take a course at a community college. The latter choice would be a relatively inexpensive and an easy way to get the necessary knowledge of information technology. If there are any gaps in your expertise that need to be filled, you can try to contact experts and ask them to give you advice and answer any questions that you might have.

For everything else, there is the internet. For example, if you are trying to learn about the finance, there are many online resources such as investopedia that highlight the intricacies of financial documents. Other fields such as technology—especially more specific fields that deal with things such as data centers, contact centers, cloud services, and cyber security—have very specific terminology that translators who do not specialize in the field might have trouble translating correctly. For these, it might take you some time to read and research online.

For legal and medical matters, it is not as easy as just going back to school. You also need to take required training and have enough experience to satisfactorily translate or interpret matters of the law or medical fields. Experience is tricky to gain without having prior knowledge or specialization, but you can try working as an interpreter in training and begin trying to get your knowledge and experience that way. Try to expose yourself to opportunities and learn on the job, or go back to school and try to learn more about legal or medical terminology. Furthermore, do your best to build a portfolio of your work so that you can quickly show employers what you can bring to the table. Sometimes some work that you’ve done has elements that stand out in other work. With a portfolio, you can easily point to the work you’ve done and prove that you are capable of working in the field.

Professionalism—Medical Terminology and Quick Reactions

To be able to interpret in the medical field, a solid knowledge in the medical terminology is essential. Because palliative care is often utilizes multidisciplinary approaches, the medical interpreter needs to be equipped with both general and specific medical terms. In addition, to ensure the completeness of information, the interpreter needs to react quickly to the situation. For example, when family members engage in conversations among themselves instead of having a discussion with the medical provider, it is often recommended that the interpreter switches to simultaneous interpretation to convey as much information as possible.

Human Qualities—Composure and Compassion

In the medical interpretation, the interpreters often need to deliver serious messages such as the time the patient has left or an unfavorable prognosis. While the patient and family members may become distressed or emotional over the news, it is vital that the interpreter remain calm and composed in these situations. This can be a very difficult balance to achieve as medical interpreters should embrace compassion and empathy for the patients but at the same time need to maintain their professionalism. However, this aspect also injects humanity into this profession, making it extremely fulfilling.

Interpretation, therefore, is beyond simply converting one language into another. Because human beings are lively creatures who show emotions, human interpreters should take both professionalism and humanity into account to ensure optimal communication.

Monterey Language Services strives to provide the highest quality of translation and interpretation services. Please feel free to contact us for more information.